Niobium-doped strontium titanate has a similar structure to pure strontium titanate single crystals, but Nb:SrTiO₃ exhibits electrical conductivity.The resistivity of niobium-doped strontium titanate varies between 0.1–0.001 Ω·cm, depending on the niobium doping concentration ranging from 0.1–0.001 wt%.This conductive single-crystal substrate serves as an electrode for thin films and devices.